Хамза ибн ‘Абд аль-Мутталиб

Хамза ибн ‘Абд аль-Мутталиб

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Хамза ибн ʿАбду-ль-Мутталиб (ар. حمزة بن عبد المطلب‎‎‎) — Paternal uncle of the Prophet (half-brother of the Prophet's father), as well as his foster brother (Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, K. al-Riḍāʿ, 14; Ṭabarī, Taʾrīkh, i, 970; id. History, v, 172; see fosterage ). One of the great heroes of the earliest period of Islam.

Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān / Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib

Ḥamza appears to have had a close relationship with the Prophet; he accompanied him when he went to ask Khadīja's (q.v.) father for her hand and, apparently out of solidarity with his foster brother, gave Abū Jahl a serious beating when the latter had gravely abused the Prophet. On this occasion, Ḥamza announced his adherence to the new religion and became a Muslim even before ʿUmar. This act provided crucial support for the emerging community of believers.

During the battle of Badr (q.v.), Ḥamza distinguished himself, together with ʿAlī (see ʿalī b. abū ṭālib ). Ḥamza, ʿAlī and ʿ Ubayda b. al-Ḥārith were chosen by the Prophet to fight three pagan Meccans who had initiated this conflict by issuing a challenge. They killed their opponents, although ʿUbayda later died of his wounds. According to the Ṣaḥīḥs of al-Bukhārī (d. 256/870; Les traditions, iii, 387) and Muslim and the early commentators Sufyān al-Thawrī (d. 161/778; Tafsīr, ad loc.) and ʿAbd al-Razzāq (d. 211/827; Tafsīr, ad loc.), q 22:19 is understood to be a reference to this event: “These are the two opposing parties who had a fight about their lord.” Other early and some later commentators mention only a broader meaning (cf. Muqātil, Tafsīr; Farrāʾ, Maʿānī; Qushayrī, Laṭāʾif; Zamakhsharī, Kashshāf; Bayḍāwī, Anwār, ad q 22:19). Most later ¶ commentaries favor a more expansive interpretation of this passage, as referring to Muslims and Jews (see jews and judaism ) or the unbelievers (see belief and unbelief ), but, like al-Ṭabarī (d. 310/923), often mention this opening event of Badr as the occasion for its revelation (see occasions of revelation ). Shortly after the battle, Ḥamza, who had enjoyed drink and song at a party, killed the two camels ʿAlī had received as part of the spoils. When the Prophet and ʿAlī came to demand an account, he started to scoff at them and the Prophet turned away from him, realizing that he was drunk (Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ, K. al-Shirb, 13 [Les traditions, ii, 84-6]; K. Farḍ al-khums, 1 [Les traditions, ii, 380-1]; K. al-Maghāzī, 12 [Les traditions, ii, 84-6]; Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, K. al-Ashriba, 1 and 2; Abū Dāwūd, K. al-Imāra, 20 [ed. al-Ḥamīd, iii, 14850, no. 2986]).

Ḥamza was killed a year later during the battle of Uḥud (see expeditions and battles ) by the Ethiopian slave Waḥshī who thereby earned his emancipation. His body was mutilated by Hind bt. ʿUtba, whose father Ḥamza had killed at Badr. She even tried to eat his liver; this is why she is referred to in later literature as the liver-eater ( ākilat al-akbād), and her descendants are upbraided for that. When the Prophet found Ḥamza's body he, apparently referring to his uncle's qualities as a hunter, sadly said: “If it would not grieve Ṣafiyya (Ḥamza's sister) and if it would not become a sunna after me, I would leave him for the bellies of lions and the stomachs of birds” (cf. Ibn Isḥāq-Guillaume, 387).

At the battle of Karbalāʾ (in 61/680), al-Ḥusayn — who himself was killed during this battle — referred to his great-uncle Ḥamza as “lord of the martyrs” ( sayyid al-shuhadāʾ, Ṭabarī, Taʾrīkh, ii, 329; id., History, xix, 123).

Хамза ибн Абд аль-Мутталиб

Литература

• Leemhuis, Frederik, Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib // Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. — Leiden : E. J. Brill, 2002. — Vol. II (E—I). — P. 400. (англ.)
• ʿAbd al-Razzāq, Tafsīr
• Abū Dāwūd (esp. K. Jihād, 109)
• Bayḍāwī, Anwār
• Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ (esp. K. al-Maghāzī, 3, 8, 23; Tafsīr Sūra 22 (bāb 3); Ṭalāq, 11)
• Farrāʾ, Maʿānī
• Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad, i, 148; ii, 40, 84, 92
• Ibn Isḥāq, Sīra
• Ibn Isḥāq-Guillaume
• Ibn Māja (esp. K. al-Janāʾiz, 53; Jihād, 29; Fitan, 34)
• Muqātil, Tafsīr
• Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ (esp. K. al-Ridāʿ, 14; Tafsīr, 34)
• Sufyān al-Thawrī, Tafsīr
• Ṭabarī, The history of al-Ṭabarī. v. The Sasanids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen, trans. C.E. Bosworth, Albany, NY 1999
• id., The history of al-Ṭabarī. xix. The caliphate of Yazid b. Muʿawiyah, trans. I.K.A. Howard, Albany, NY 1990
• id., Tafsīr
• id., Taʾrīkh, ed. de Goeje
• Qushayrī, Laṭāʾif
• Wāḥidī, Asbāb, ed. K.B. Zaghlūl, Beirut 1991, 317-8
• Zamakhsharī, Kashshāf
• Leemhuis, Frederik, “Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC. Consulted online on 07 January 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00184>

Информация о статье

• Автор: Редакция сайта; E-mail: feedback@quranacademy.org.
• Библиографическая ссылка: Хамза ибн ‘Абд аль-Мутталиб [Электронный ресурс] // QuranAcademy.org: Академия Корана. 2026 г.
• URL: http://ru.quranacademy.org/encyclopedia/article/Hamza-ibn-Abd-al-Muttalib
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